Just for fun

400+ years of stock markets

A thought experiment, not a rigorous extension of the calculator — nothing here feeds into or changes the Timeline, Distribution, or Margin plans. Moved to its own page since it's too niche to take up room on the main one.

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Two reasons this can't be held to the same standard as the rest of the calculator

No dataset like JST exists this far back, so pre-1871 figures below are decade-resolution illustrative reconstructions anchored to documented facts and published academic averages, not annual price data. And the currencies genuinely differ — VOC returns are nominal Dutch guilders, early UK returns are nominal British pounds, neither deflated by anything, while the post-1871 lines are the same real, US-CPI-deflated data used everywhere in the main calculator. Treat the shape of the story as the point, not the third decimal place.

Growth of 100 units, each currency's own terms

Log scale. Each line starts wherever its own market begins; currencies and real/nominal basis differ by line — see legend.

VOC (Amsterdam) 1602-1794, nominal guilders London Exchange 1693-1870, nominal pounds US equities 1871-2025, real World (open data) 1871-2025, real

A few landmarks along the way

Assumed returns by era, with sources

Decade-level nominal figures. Full reasoning and citations are in the footer.